Scaling
Loss of the surface mortar in patches, exposing the aggregate underneath. It is the classic winter failure on driveways and sidewalks exposed to deicing salt.
What does scaling mean?
Scaling results from freeze-thaw action at the surface, made far worse by deicing chemicals and by any condition that weakened the surface layer, such as inadequate air entrainment, finishing bleed water into the surface, or skipping curing. It typically begins as small patches and spreads. It is a surface durability failure, so high compressive strength alone does not prevent it.
In practice
First-winter scaling on a new driveway is almost always a combination of salt applied too early, a mix without proper air, and curing that never happened.